Study notes: Europe
Russia is included in Europe in our data, even though most of its territory lies in Asia. Europe is also home to the world’s smallest states, including Vatican City and Monaco.
Our data covers 45 countries in Europe. The largest by land area is Russia and the most populous is Russia.
The Baltic order
From north to south: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. Their capitals follow the same order — Tallinn, Riga, Vilnius.
Untangle the Balkans
Work from the Adriatic coast inland: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania sit on or near the coast; Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia lie inland.
Slovakia vs Slovenia
Slovakia borders Czechia, Poland, Ukraine, Hungary and Austria in central Europe. Slovenia is further south, between Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia, with a short Adriatic coast.
Keep going
Ready for a mixed challenge? Try today’s expedition, or practise Africa, Asia, North America, South America or Oceania.
Countries of Europe
Population estimates and capitals from Natural Earth; areas computed from its boundaries.
| Country | Capital | Population | Land area |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlbaniaBorders Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Greece | Tirana | 2.85 million | 28,335 km² |
| AndorraBorders Spain, France | Andorra la Vella | 77,142 | 442 km² |
| AustriaBorders Switzerland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Liechtenstein +4 | Vienna | 8.88 million | 83,911 km² |
| BelarusBorders Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Lithuania +1 | Minsk | 9.47 million | 206,693 km² |
| BelgiumBorders Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, France | Brussels | 11.5 million | 30,632 km² |
| Bosnia and HerzegovinaBorders Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia | Sarajevo | 3.3 million | 51,684 km² |
| BulgariaBorders Turkey, Serbia, Romania, North Macedonia +1 | Sofia | 6.98 million | 112,421 km² |
| CroatiaBorders Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro, Hungary +1 | Zagreb | 4.07 million | 54,419 km² |
| CzechiaBorders Slovakia, Poland, Germany, Austria | Prague | 10.7 million | 78,482 km² |
| DenmarkBorders Germany | Copenhagen | 5.82 million | 42,417 km² |
| EstoniaBorders Russia, Latvia | Tallinn | 1.33 million | 45,456 km² |
| FinlandBorders Sweden, Russia, Norway | Helsinki | 5.52 million | 330,493 km² |
| FranceBorders Switzerland, Suriname, Spain, Monaco +6 | Paris | 67.1 million | 635,047 km² |
| GermanyBorders Switzerland, Poland, Netherlands, Luxembourg +5 | Berlin | 83.1 million | 356,167 km² |
| GreeceBorders Turkey, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania | Athens | 10.7 million | 130,165 km² |
| HungaryBorders Ukraine, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia +3 | Budapest | 9.77 million | 92,960 km² |
| Iceland | Reykjavík | 361,313 | 101,155 km² |
| IrelandBorders United Kingdom | Dublin | 4.94 million | 68,698 km² |
| ItalyBorders Vatican City, Switzerland, Slovenia, San Marino +2 | Rome | 60.3 million | 300,287 km² |
| KosovoBorders Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania | Pristina | 1.79 million | 10,912 km² |
| LatviaBorders Russia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus | Riga | 1.91 million | 64,261 km² |
| LiechtensteinBorders Switzerland, Austria | Vaduz | 38,019 | 138 km² |
| LithuaniaBorders Russia, Poland, Latvia, Belarus | Vilnius | 2.79 million | 64,520 km² |
| LuxembourgBorders Germany, France, Belgium | Luxembourg | 619,896 | 2,612 km² |
| Malta | Valletta | 502,653 | 274 km² |
| MoldovaBorders Ukraine, Romania | Chișinău | 2.66 million | 33,117 km² |
| MonacoBorders France | Monaco | 38,964 | 12 km² |
| MontenegroBorders Serbia, Kosovo, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina +1 | Podgorica | 622,137 | 13,666 km² |
| NetherlandsBorders Germany, Belgium | Amsterdam | 17.3 million | 37,134 km² |
| North MacedoniaBorders Serbia, Kosovo, Greece, Bulgaria +1 | Skopje | 2.08 million | 25,364 km² |
| NorwayBorders Sweden, Russia, Finland | Oslo | 5.35 million | 384,248 km² |
| PolandBorders Ukraine, Slovakia, Russia, Lithuania +3 | Warsaw | 38 million | 312,552 km² |
| PortugalBorders Spain | Lisbon | 10.3 million | 90,759 km² |
| RomaniaBorders Ukraine, Serbia, Moldova, Hungary +1 | Bucharest | 19.4 million | 235,769 km² |
| RussiaBorders Ukraine, Poland, Norway, North Korea +10 | Moscow | 144.4 million | 16,879,710 km² |
| San MarinoBorders Italy | San Marino | 33,860 | 68 km² |
| SerbiaBorders Romania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo +4 | Belgrade | 6.94 million | 77,490 km² |
| SlovakiaBorders Ukraine, Poland, Hungary, Czechia +1 | Bratislava | 5.45 million | 48,338 km² |
| SloveniaBorders Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Austria | Ljubljana | 2.09 million | 20,194 km² |
| SpainBorders Portugal, France, Andorra | Madrid | 47.1 million | 506,165 km² |
| SwedenBorders Norway, Finland | Stockholm | 10.3 million | 442,974 km² |
| SwitzerlandBorders Liechtenstein, Italy, Germany, France +1 | Bern | 8.57 million | 41,207 km² |
| UkraineBorders Slovakia, Russia, Romania, Poland +3 | Kyiv | 44.4 million | 570,154 km² |
| United KingdomBorders Ireland | London | 66.8 million | 239,614 km² |
| Vatican CityBorders Italy | Vatican City | 825 | 1 km² |